Nestles change management report

Executive summary Competitive advantage and commercial success are very important aspects of modern day businesses and without this two factors, businesses often fail at some stage. Due to the volatile nature of the commercial environment businesses through their managers are required to be quite radical in the way they operate so that the current change management structures are able to assist the organization effect any strategic changes if necessary.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Nestle’s change management report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nestle is a good example of an organization which put in place a good management structure that made it very possible for the organization to embrace change because the organization identified the exact needs that were to accompany the change and therefore when managers initiated the change the entire organization was able to swiftly adopt to the new strategi c changes. When Nestle finally discovered that change is part and parcel of the organization they put in place change management strategies and also assisted organizational members to accept change more effectively making change management efforts from managers more successful. Introduction The current business environment is very volatile and dynamic and what is happening today will most likely change tomorrow, hence every organization needs proper change management. Change is inevitable in an organization and organizational managers are expected to behave like change agents who champion and advocate for change within the organization. Change must be accompanied by reason since organizations do not just change because other organizations are changing but because they need to change and if they do not change they will most likely not achieve their commercial objectives (Eden 2002, 804). The nature of changes from organization to organization always varies and therefore every organiz ation is expected to carefully monitor and manage the entire change process in order to ensure corporate, business and functional levels of strategies are not negatively affected (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 76-78). The main purpose of change in most instances is to rejuvenate the organization and improve its performance and hence managers are expected to ensure that the entire change process within the organization is quickly accepted within the organization so that both short-term and long-run performance is not affected negatively.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Change strategies therefore provide managers with numerous options which they can use to successfully marshal organizational members to quickly accept and adapt to strategic changes without negatively affecting the performance of the organization (Feldman 2000, 618). Change management is consequently part of the curre nt business atmosphere that commercial organizations exist in and this require that they dedicate significant resources and therefore it makes more sense if these organizations put up the necessary change management systems so that all organizational members can be in the same page as far as welcoming organizational change is concerned. The nature and need for change within Nestle The entire change process of Nestle was only successful because the organization identified the exact needs that initiated the change and also went forward to develop the appropriate change management strategies to usher in change. Emerging business trends and decisions have prompted Nestle to experience changes in its business model. Due to the fact that the organization is venturing into foreign markets and stepping out of isolation and venturing into new territories, this introduces a lot of complexities and may lead to ambiguity, which may often be fatal if not well managed. The nature of the change wi thin Nestle involves divesture of Strategic Business Units (SBU’S), which are not profitable and serve as a disadvantage to the company. Divesture normally requires organizations to sell existing business units and invest those funds in other more important business processes such as corporate restructuring or expanding to other business territories. Moreover, Nestle also considers growing its business structure by venturing into the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, and these kinds of changes are not easy. Expanding businesses often require change in management structure and approach and that is why the organization is also dumping the entrepreneurial way of management and adapting a corporate management business format which heavily depends on managers (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 244). All these changes have been triggered by the organizations desire to grow in size by going multinational and stepping out of isolation. Moreover, the management desires to step up sales and re venue hence stepping of using sales agents in the global market and entering into agreements with local subsidiaries in foreign markets by acquiring them or entering into contracts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Nestle’s change management report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The C.E.O, Brabeck-Letmathe, believed that change is very appropriate for the company because it will enable the company to realize efficiency and also increase productivity within the organization. Additionally, the entire corporate restructuring which costs almost $300 million annually is a type of change that is initiated by the need attaining a good and effective business structure whereby managers can be incomplete control of the entire businesses of the organization. The C.E.O believes that the organization’s desire/need to have a competitive advantage, grow, become flexible and highly flexible within the market dep ends on how well the organization can be able to respond to change. The nature of change requires the commitment of the entire organization and should therefore have a long-term approach therefore requiring managers to involve all organizational members. Moreover, managers are required to be highly critical of the nature of change and not just rush into changes such as technological change unless they are fully sure that the change is most likely to be for the benefit of the organization. Challenges Change in most instances within organizations, Nestle being an example in this case, is not always welcomed for the reason that it definitely demands that human resources and organizational personnel to commence a cultural change which is not easy because it involves removing people comfort zones to new unfamiliar territory and for an organization such as Nestle which has over 220,000 employees the entire change process should be a product of careful planning. Change is not easy and simp le and employees may often refuse or rebel against regimes that champion for change and this usually affects the performance of the organization. Additionally, change may end up being expensive and exhausting to organizations therefore affecting performance of the organization negatively (Eden 2002, 803). Organizations and managers are faced with a lot of challenges especially during the change phase in organization especially due to the fact that employees often do resist then it automatically becomes hard to maintain the vigor and passion of employees all the way through the change process and this results to negative consequences within the organization. Additionally, if all organizational members are not on the same page this may sabotage the entire change process because the organization may most likely backslide into old ways of operation (Hughes 2007, 41-43). Hence, change management is a must if an organization is to survive and ensure its objectives are met without compromi sing the stakeholders involved in the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is not easy managing cultural shifts within organizations and managers are required to come up with the most appropriate culture changing initiatives for organizational members to accept change. Change is not only complex but also costly for organization restructuring and most of the time it becomes hard for managers to prioritize the numerous organizational projects and resources, and this is one of the reasons why the C.E.O Brabeck-Latmathe insisted that it is sometimes better to adopt a slow and steady approach when it comes to issues of expansion and divesture because nestle spent well over $300 million annually in restructuring costs (Steiner 1997, 128). Prior to implementing change initiatives within organizations, it is vital that managers who are change champions/agents for the companies to understand the resulting effects and consequences of the changes process on the workers (Eden 2002, 805). By doing so, the managers will appropriately prepare for any challenges and th is will see the organization formulate better change policies and strategies in order to avoid many of the potential pitfalls that may arise as a result of the challenges which accompany the entire organizational change process. When managers get to comprehend the cognitive change process then they are likely to managing the entire process more effectively and marshal the corporation of other organizational members Change Management Change is always received with hostility because it is accompanied by uncertainty and people usually fear uncertainty and the entire change process was not smooth and easy for an organization such as Nestle. Therefore, this is the reason why managers such as the C.E.O Brabeck-Letmathe of Nestle become champions of change within the organization and hence come up with the more appropriate strategies that will make it possible for a smooth transition to take place to allowing organizational members gradually and successfully accept organizational changes a nd therefore welcome in the new era that will assist the organization become better in terms of performance. Contemporary Management theories hold on to the belief that organizational change must take place whenever organization themselves in complex / ambiguous situations that necessitate the organization to move from ordinary ways of doing business to a much more radical business model in order to improve the performance of the organization (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 78). This fact was reflected in Nestle when the company decided to shift its focus from the local Swiss market to other parts of the world such as North America. The main endeavor during the organizational change phase is for the organizational change managers to maintain some balance and tranquility by working together with other organizational members so that the organization can ultimately progress (Steiner 1997, 203-204). Current operations should be carried out in such a way that the organization will respond in the most effective way to unpredictable commercial and non commercial events when they occur according to the organization adaptation theory. The organizational adaptation theory insists that organizations are more likely to become more successful only if the organizations gives up rigid business structures and decide to put in place the necessary framework to usher in change more effectively making them flexible. Managers often use numerous strategies to enable their organizations accept change within their organizations. Figure 1. A pictorial diagram indicating what organizational change normally involves Change Management Strategies Whatever change management strategy is pursued by managers it is necessary that the organization dedicates the required resources that are required to implement the changes. Implementing change is not simple for an organization such as Nestle as it expands and divest and therefore the organization should most of all make sure that it develops clear goals and communication systems and also go ahead to offer rewards and incentives in order to encourage organizational members to accept the change without altering their motivation (Tovstiga 2010, 49-54). Despite stand of organizational members as the organization moves into North America and other non-related business industries a non biased support system should be formed, so that organizational members can get the necessary help as far as the change process is concerned. Facilitation Organizational change is not simple and managers are required to be change agents and also use other organizational members to bring about change. Often one of the best approaches that managers can use is to work hand in hand with other organizational members in the process of creating the change. When managers decide to work hand in hand then the possibility of the change being successful goes up. Facilitation often involves educating employees and creating the best communication systems that encourage the flow of information and feedback loops (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 38-44). When managers decide to work together with other organizational members by communicating their intentions and vision and giving clear reasons why change is inevitable within the organization and the intentions of the change then organizational members will likely be more receptive to work with the manager. Facilitation offers a good way under which when organizational members are willing to welcome change and desire collaborate but they lack the capacity to effectively blend in into the new change regime (Hughes 2007, 42). Education Often employees refuse change because of information asymmetry and it hence becomes necessary for management to educate them on the main reason why change is important. Education enables organizational members understand the reasons of the change, the benefits, and all variables of the entire change process. As a result of proper education systems organizational members are able to rationalize change and what is expected for them (Eden 2002, 802). Because sometimes the resistance to organizational change is triggered by perceptual issues, the education programs can make employees less rigid especially if they understand that change can be rewarding. Education offers an avenue under which employees can be empowered to understand what the entire change process entails and how it can be easy for both them and the organization (Cascio 2002, 84) Involvement Sometimes the change process within the organization does not only emanate from the higher levels of the organizational hierarchy. When organizational members are not involved physically or intellectually, or emotionally then they may feel as if their opinions are not respected and therefore this could ultimately affects their motivation and this may sabotage the entire change process. Allowing organizational members offer their suggestions and become involved in the process of change offers an avenue under whi ch all organizational members become change agents and own the change process (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 243). When the change is a brainchild of the organizational members then there is no way that the employees themselves can sabotage the change process. Negotiation When management and the organizational change agents discover that the other party the other cannot easily be persuaded, it therefore becomes necessary to reach a consensus through negotiation. Organizational managers will hence be required to enter into conference/board rooms and ask them to discuss with each other in order to ensure that the change process is accepted (Eden 2002, 804). Especially when change involves mergers and acquisitions in unrelated industries which are common for Nestle resistance to change is most likely to be very high and negotiation may often be the best way for change to be accepted. Negotiations are a way under which mutually agreeable solution that works for both the organization and organiz ational members can be arrived at (Wetlaufer 2001, 115). Manipulation Manipulation is an art used by managers and involves controlling a person’s environment so that a suitable outcome can be arrived at. Despite the fact that manipulation is considered as morally questionable, organizational managers are forced to use it especially when the stakes are high and change is required to take place quickly. Some ways of manipulating employees may involve using psychological and monetary awards to force them accept change regimes faster (Watson 2006, 72) Coercion Change management strategies fail managers are often forced to take extreme measures and often coercion is the only option. If manipulation fails those managers might decide to use threats and force to enable organizational members change. Some of the threats may involve threatening employees will lose their jobs, allowances and job related benefits (Wetlaufer 2001, 114). Unorthodox managers may often go as far as humiliati ng and threatening employees or even public sacking in order to create fear and make examples out of organizational members who have not yet adopted change. This should only be used as a change management strategy of last resort especially when change is to be implemented in a hurry. Conclusion The role of change management in commercial organizations is directly related to the success of the organization. Managers are required to justify the need of the change, the nature of changes, the challenges that will accompany the change and pick the most appropriate strategy to implement change and make it acceptable among organizational members. Managers should not ignore the important role that change management plays and therefore should dedicate the necessary resources and support to organizational managers in order for organizational members to accept change in the most appropriate timeframe. References Cascio, W., 2002. â€Å"Strategies for responsible restructuring.† Academy of Management Executive 16(3): pp. 80–91. Eden, C., 2002. â€Å"Strategy development as a social process.† Journal of Management Studies, vol.29: pp.799–812. Feldman, M., 2000. â€Å"Organizational routines as a source of continuous change.† Organization Science 11(6):pp. 611–29. Hughes, M. 2007. â€Å"The Tools and Techniques of Change Management.† Journal of Change Management, 7(1): 37-49. Steiner, G., 1997. Strategic planning: what every manager must know. New York: Simon and Schuster. Tovstiga, G., 2010. Strategy in Practice: A Practitioner’s Guide to Strategic Thinking. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Watson, T., 2006. Organizing and managing work, 2nd edn. London: Penguin. Wetlaufer, S., 2001. â€Å"The business case against revolution.† Harvard Business Review, 79(2): pp.113–119. Wheelen, T. L. Hunger J. D., 2002. Strategic Management and Business Policy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. This report on Nestle’s change management report was written and submitted by user Man-Thing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Antz Movie essays

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3 Key Tips for What to Wear to Salsa Class

3 Key Tips for What to Wear to Salsa Class SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting ready to start salsa classes? Awesome! Salsa dancing is a great way to exercise, meet new people, and have fun. If you're preparing for your first salsa class, you may be wondering what to wear to salsa class. While most salsa dancing classes don't have a strict dress code, it's important to dress appropriately for the activity. Follow these guidelines when deciding what to wear for salsa dancing lessons: #1: Your outfit should be easy to move in. Salsa dancing is a physical activity, after all. #2: Your outfit should help keep you safe. You don't want to wear something that you may trip over, for instance, or shoes that don't provide enough support. #3: Your outfit shouldn't make other people uncomfortable. Salsa dancing is a social activity, and you don't want to wear something overly provocative that may make your partners uncomfortable. What to Wear to Salsa Class When deciding what to wear for salsa dancing lessons, you should look for clothing that's functional, comfortable, and makes you feel good wearing it. You'll be moving around a lot during salsa class, so it may help to dress in layers that you can remove as you start getting hot. In this section, I'll give some ideas for what men and women should wear to salsa class to be ready for the physical demands of dancing. What to Wear to Salsa Class- Women Here are some ideas for what to wear to salsa class if you're a woman: Dresses that are knee-length or slightly shorter. Jeans or leggings that are fitted through the ankle so you won't trip on them. Cropped pants, capris, or shorts that you can easily move around in. Short-sleeved or sleeveless tops. A cardigan or sweater that you can wear if it gets chilly. Shoes that are flat or have a small heel (2 inches high or less). What to Wear to Salsa Class- Men Here are some ideas for what to wear to salsa class if you're a man: Cotton t-shirts. Long or short sleeve button up shirts. Jeans, khakis, or slacks. Shorts of any kind. Light vests or sweaters that are easy to remove. Flat shoes with a smooth bottom. Final Thoughts Salsa dancing is a lot of fun, but can be challenging, especially if you're not wearing the right clothing. Make sure that you're wearing comfortable clothes and shoes that allow you to get your groove on and you'll have the time of your life.

Role of Business Ethics in Staff Motivation and Productivity Essay

Role of Business Ethics in Staff Motivation and Productivity - Essay Example It is of pragmatic that literature on business ethics provide adequate and specific information on the needs of leaders and managers as they are mainly responsible for ethics management in the work environment (Schwartz and Weber 2006). Ethics programs in organisations generally aim to integrate ethical guidelines into processes and procedures and establish the necessary values and behaviours for operations within the organisation. Business ethics in the workplace establishes and fosters a moral course particularly during unstable times (Kapstein 2004). Paying attention to ethics when an organisation is faced with changes allows managers and employees to have a moral guide for them to realise what is good or bad. This becomes specially critical in coping with conflicts, facing risks, and responding to ambiguous circumstances (Schwartz 2001). Continual support for ethics in the workplace enables leaders and members to become sensitive to how they ought to think and behave. Due to the emphasis on ethical principles in the conduct of activities and procedures, business ethics has been shown to produce favourable outcomes for the organisation. These include increased level of employee commitment, motivation, productivity, and performance (Ferrell 2004). Hence, the current study aims to examine the impact of business ethics in UK organisations especially on employees’ sense of productivity and motivation. 1.2 Background of the Organisation Wolseley UK, also formerly known as Wolseley Centers, is widely known as one of United Kingdom’s largest suppliers of building materials, with plumbing and building firms as their common trade customers, accounting for the largest share of their sales. It has been reported to distribute a substantial amount of materials to the international market and has continued to expand to 25 countries (Wolseley Annual Report 2009). Wolseley UK has set a number of policies with which the company aims to further enhance each of t heir business aspects. Quality policy remains to be an important objective through a reliable quality environment for both suppliers and customers, particularly by successfully meeting all contractual requirements. Health and safety concerns regarding their employees, customers, and the larger community have also become a top priority for Wolseley UK as the company intends to foster a healthy workplace wherein their employees’ attain a sense of well-being and comfort while their customers are assured of accident-free operations. Moreover, the company’s policies also highlight the importance of environmental care. Regarding their human resources, Wolseley UK aims to make the best use of every employee’s potential regardless of demographics, cultural, social, or economic differences, and attempts to provide opportunities for training and development. Finally, the company relies on a code of ethics that emphasizes the significance of fair competition, risk manageme nt, environmental protection, and interpersonal relationships with employees and customers (Wolseley 2010). 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives Owing to previous studies that have pointed out the favourable impact of business ethics on organisations, the current stud

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Gun Control - Research Paper Example This led to the enactment of firearms act that sought to regulate ownership through licensing and guidelines for assessing whether an individual was eligible to own a gun. Similar to other laws, the firearm act has seen multiple changes and politics over time (Zimring 1). Currently, both the national and state governments have provisions concerning gun ownership. However, there is a diverse opinion of states over the issue. Some states lack any form of regulation while others have stringent gun control laws Background Information The issue of stringent control of guns probably emerged in the United States after President J.F Kennedy’s assassination in 1963. The case gave rise to a heated debate that has caused political criticisms (Carter 34). However, a probe into the American history reveals that gun control has existed since the 1700s. Over the centuries, people have had divided opinions about the stringency of gun ownership control. Some states have allowed citizens to sel l and own guns while others have maintained strict control of ownership of guns. In 1938, the federal government declared its stand concerning firearm ownership. ... The law enlisted different categories of individuals that were not legible to owning firearms. People intending to own guns had to be competent and have clean records. In 1972, the emergence of the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms changed the picture of firearm ownership regulation. This body sought to establish profiles of those seeking to own firearms (Carter 56). The body also strived to exert a form of control to combat the illegal use of firearms. Legal gun ownership involved acquiring of licenses from the body that only granted the license to people meeting all requirements. In 1986, the federal government enacted an increase of the penalties subject to those possessing firearms without proper licensing. The government also eased some previously stringent regulations in aid to protect the owners. However, the easing came with a ban of some bullets the public. In the years that followed, the government amended the laws depending on the prevailing rates (Zimring 1). In the 1990s, the regulation of firearm ownership took a different turn with the emergence of a need to introduce a lock mechanism in trigger. In addition, the government identified some zones that had to remain gun-free and these included schools. In 1994, the government introduced a ban on the manufacture and merchandise of potentially harmful assault firearms. Towards the close of the century, the suggestions concerning a mandatory lock mechanism in guns caused a heated debate, but did not pass in the senate. However, the government advised manufactures to provide the lock mechanisms as an alternate for interested owners. However, the lock system finally passed in 1999. Other regulations involve the age limit and storage requirements of the firearms in a bid

To Kill a Mockingbird Chapters 16-21 Questions Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Chapters 16-21 Questions Essay Chapter 16: 1. Atticus and his sister disagree on many things, mostly the treatment of colored people and how important the reputation of the finch family is. Alexandra believe that she is above colored people, especially Calpurnia and that Atticus shouldn’t let his children go to church her because it’s a disgrace to their family. Atticus believe that colored people deserve the same amount of respect as white people and that Calpurnia is a member of the finch family and should be treated like one. 2.Atticus says simply a mob is made up of people, despite the location or situation the mob is in. Plain and simple, no labels attached, the mob is just people. 3.Mr. Underwood was covering Atticus at the jail because even though he doesn’t like colored people, he knew Atticus was doing his job but defending Tom Robinson. 4. Mr. Dolphus Raymond like to spend his time with colored people instead of people of his own race. The people of Maycomb despise him for it and think that he only prefers them because he is constantly under the influence of alcohol. 5. Judge Taylor appears to be a very laid back person, but in actuality he listens very carefully to everything people say. I think the Judge purposely acts like this in court so that people think he’s not paying attention and accidentally say something they shouldn’t have, think that he isn’t paying attention anyway. Chapter 17: 1.Atticus want to reveal that Mayella’s injuries match something that he father could do and not Tom Robinson. 2.The Ewell’s are considered ‘poor white trash’ because the live next to all the colored people, none of them work, Mr. Ewell has seven children, none of them have any manners and none of them bathe regularly. Chapter 18: 1. Mayella could be described as disgusting because she is an Ewell and they are very poor dirty people and also the way she treats people is dirty (p.240). She could be described as pathetic because she is constantly crying and is trying to accuse a crippled man of raping her when it is very hard physically for him to do things (p.248). 2. Tom’s physical appearance is important because Mayella and Mr. Ewell both said that Mayella was beaten on the right side of her body by someone probably left handed. Tom Robinson is right handed and he has no use of his left arm because of an accident he had when he was a kid.†¨ He appears to feel satisfied. It seemed as though he wanted to get back at Mayella for the pain she caused Tom. But all he was doing is smart talking her just like any lawyer would. Chapter 19: 1. Tom Robinson is essentially the symbol of a mockingbird. He is kind and attempts to bring a little kindness to Mayella Ewell who is suffering. The Ewells, Bob Ewell in particular, brings nothing but hate, ignorance and sadness to everyone. He is essentially the opposite of Tom. He even abuses his daughter in the worst possible way. 2. Atticus mentions Tom’s previous record because he went to show the jury the Tom was answering all of the questions truthfully. 3. Toms version is that Mayella invited him inside, then threw her arms around him and began to kiss him. Tom tried to push her away. When Mr. Ewell arrived, he flew into a rage and beat up his own daughter, while Tom ran away scared. 4. He said he felt sorry for her because he knew how her father treated her. He would beat her for the slightest thing and it was hinted that her farther used her in a bad way. It was a mistake because he showed compassion to a white woman and when her father found out that he helped her she was so terrified that she said she did not ask for help he just wanted to take advantage of her and used the excuse about the dresser to get in the house. She also knew she had flirted whit him and was afraid he would say something. 5. Scout believes Mayella is lonelier than Boo Radley because Mayella lives in a place where no one really cares about her and she’s all by herself, while a least Boo has Nathan to take care of him. Chapter 20: 1. Mr. Raymond says that he leads people on into thinking he’s a drunk so that way they some way to justify why he does what does. 2. He tells Scout and Jem about his life because he wants them to know that rumors aren’t always true and that he doesn’t really care what others think, as long as he’s happy people can think whatever they want of him. 3. Atticus explains to the jury that Tom Robison is a good man, that Mayella was trying to take advantage of him and that Tom is innocent. He comments that the bruises on Mayella are most likely from Mayella’s father and that Mayella is a bad person trying to cover up what she did by blaming Tom Robison. Atticus tries telling court room that he knows that no matter what the evidence points to the jury will side with the white man. He says people should discriminate based on color. Atticus tries to make the jury see that they will be convicting an innocent man just because of his skin tone. Chapter 21: 1.Scout knows the verdict before it’s said because her father told her that when the jury comes back after discussing and don’t look at the defendant, then she knows right away that they found him guilty. 2.The colored people stand up out of respect for Atticus. They understand the sacrifices Atticus made when taking this case. They understood the dedication he put into the case, knowing he wasn’t going to win since the beginning. Despite losing his case, they stand because they knew he did his best.

Role of Women in the Social Transformation of England Essay -- Europea

Role of Women in the Social Transformation of England The traditional idea of movement that changes the world is global movement: the explorers and adventurers that sailed around the world, the people who moved and colonized new lands. Michael Adas in Machines as the Measure of Men stated that the ideas that drove the European colonization were the "products of male ingenuity and male artifice" (14). Most of the exploration and first colonization was done by men. It would not have been socially correct for women. But women did have an integral role in other processes, mainly in the social transformation of countries. While men set up the first connections and created global trading, small changes were happening with in countries. Women helped in these, especially in England. The women alive during the European exploration were not very involved in physical traveling. They sat around, keeping houses together as husbands discovered new lands. But while they made none of the early contributions to traveling, they played an integral role in drawing cultures together, especially when England began to focus on a mercantile economy. Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, the world economy was beginning to grow, and England needed to make a place for itself in the world. To do this, it needed a product that it could use at home as well as export to other countries as material for trade. The English economy found this in its textile industry, although the industry had to be changed slightly. And so England began to establish itself as a textile provider. The process of making cloth requires many different steps. First a material needs to be grown and collected. England used three of these: cotton, wool, and flax. Cotton and ... ...that was considered proper work for women, they were immediately drawn into the system. This slight shift changed many things about English society. It provided a way in which women could move socially without repercussions, grow financially independent, and created a link through which ideas could flow. Much social and intellectual movement was done by women, even if it was under the guise of simply walking over to a neighbor's house to spin flax. Sources Cited: Adas, Michael, "Machines as the Meaure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance", Cornell Univ. Press 1989 Schneider, Jane. Rumpelstilskin's Bargain: Folklore and the Merchant Capitalist Intensification of Linen Manufacture in Early Modern Europe. In Cloth and Human Experience, edited by Annette B. Weiner and Jane Schneider. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press 1993.

Eleven, Inc. Case

Major Differences There are many differences between the situations In Japan and the U. S. That made the Japanese 7-Eleven experience with prepared foods significantly different than that of the U. S. Stores. First, â€Å"convenience stores In Japan faced little competition from gas station mini-markets, and until the early sass they benefited from government regulation that limited the size and operating hours of large- and medium-size stores† (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 4). Contrary to Japan, 7-Eleven stores In the u. s. Were faced with fierce competition from a variety of convenience stores with ere similar business models.Convenience stores in Japan made a commitment to provide expediency in all aspects of daily life. Such stores sold takeaway lunch boxes, rice balls, ready-to-serve dishes, bread and various drinks (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Japanese stores based their business model on customer needs and convenience. â€Å"To ensure that customers received fresh quality products, food items were prepared continuously and delivered to the stores three times daily. The strategic locations of preparation plants combined with the high store density, required minimal travel stance and therefore facilitated the speed and ease of deliveries (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 7). U.S. Stores, however, failed to focus on convenience needs as they changed. According to Bell & Hogan (2004) people wanted new products and services and the company did not keep pace; instead, the company fell into the trap of defining market share in terms of number of stores, and they stopped creating value in each new store. Additionally, U. S. Stores â€Å"never paid much attention to its Japanese licensee, and therefore never realized that† 7-Eleven had reinvented the store with the fresh food concept (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 2). Strengths & Weaknesses Keyes shared the vision implemented in Japanese stores, concentrating on fresh food sales.He did this by adopting the fresh food concept to offer total convenience to consumers. In order to get all franchisees on board, Keyes required stoneware to buy a significant portion of their merchandise from approved vendors, and in turn allowed for more leverage of the system (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Keyes also utilized Austin, Texas as a test market (Bell & Hogan, 2004). This allowed the company to test various lines of food and pricing options. Perhaps the most Important element of the 7-Eleven overhauls In the United States was the Implementation off chain wide proprietary retail Information system.Mulching this from 7-Eleven Japan, the system was designed to enable each store to Improve Inventory management efforts (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Keyes missed the boat by not being more in touch with the customer. According to Bell & Hogan (2004) 7-Eleven's Temperamental weaknesses were Invisible Decease ten company was using ten wrong measures. The company failed to create value in each store and pay close attention to changing trends a nd customers' needs. Additionally, 7-Eleven's failure to constantly innovate and change, as convenience needs changed affected the company's the success (Bell & Hogan, 2004).Marketing Efforts In order to make the most of its new capabilities and vision, 7-Eleven U. S. Should undertake various marketing efforts. First, the company should monitor customer- buying patterns to maximize sales by staying stocked on popular items, managing product assortment and merchandising effectively. Understanding that this industry is highly competitive, 7-Eleven must create a marketing strategy that is refined by tidying consumer trends and in-store traffic. This would allow the company to affectively track buying trends.Ultimately, this would keep the organization up to date on convenience needs as they change, allowing marketing efforts to be focused in both areas of strength and weakness. Furthermore, since gasoline sales contribute to increased traffic, it is imperative that 7-Eleven stores sell gasoline at as many locations as possible. Implications Should 7-Eleven's prepared food initiative prove successful, there will be a significant increase in measurable competition in the industry. Being that this sector s already highly competitive, convenience stores need to find ways to differentiate themselves from the competition.Introducing fresh foods will be one way to do so. The success fresh foods would bring to the industry would be game changing. Typically the general image of a U. S. Convenience store encompasses â€Å"cigarettes behind the counter, nonfood items displayed on the counter, magazines in front† (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 17). However changing the perception of convenience would not only attract new markets but also penetrate current markets. Ultimately, competitors in this industry would need to rethink both merchandising and arresting strategies to ensure they were aligned with the likes of 7-Eleven.As society places a larger emphasis on convenience a nd freshly prepared food, the outlook for 7-Eleven's freshly prepared food offerings is promising. Specifically, recent trends indicate that while there is a push towards health conscious, yet convenient selections, consumers are favoring this option. Furthermore, the key innovation opportunity is to keep innovating with food and taste trends surrounding convenience and health (Carroll, 2011). Since convenience stores aren't typically noted for having such eating options, management must work to ensure they successfully rebind their image.

History of African American Music

The history of African American music has been characterized by a mixture among various forms of music. Country blues, urban blues, New Orleans Jazz, Bebop, big-band jazz, and rhythm and blues, have all influenced each other profoundly. These influences flowed back and forth among the various forms. But, black gospel music had only a very limited effect on popular styles, until a few church-trained artists, such as Sam Cooke and Ray Charles, began to incorporate gospel styling into their popular work.The result is usually described as â€Å"soul music,† a mix of blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel voices. But, if Ray Charles was one of the â€Å"originators† of soul music, â€Å"Aretha Franklin reshaped it,† by bringing even more of her gospel background to bear on secular love songs (Wade and Picardie 27). By combining popular elements with her stunning voice, her great musicianship, and the feeling for a song that she learned in church, Aretha became one of the greatest soul singers to ever live. Aretha Franklin is a well-known pop, R&B, and gospel singer.She has been nicknamed â€Å"The Queen of Soul† and is an internationally known artist and a symbol of pride in the African American community. Her popularity soared in 1967 when she released an album containing songs â€Å"I Never Loved a Man†, â€Å"Respect†, and â€Å"Baby I Love You. † Throughout her career she has achieved fifteen Grammy Awards, Lifetime Achievement Award, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Legend Awards, and many Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. In 1987 she became the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.Time magazine chose her as one of the most influential artists and entertainers of the 20th century. She sang at Dr. Martin Luther King’s funeral and at former President Bill Clinton’s inaugural party. Although she has all these accomplishments and awards there are other reasons that have driven Fr anklin to fame and landed her on the front cover of Time magazine on June 28, 1968. The reasons I believe allowed Aretha Franklin to become so successful are the following: Her family’s involvement with religion, the inspiring people that surrounded her, and the pain she suffered.It is clear that because her family’s involvement with religion would be one reason why Aretha Franklin became as famous as a Gospel singer. Some people would say that her love for religion is unbelievable, but after researching her childhood it is very believable. Her father, Reverend Clarence LaVaugh Franklin lived in Shelby Mississippi and preached while living the life of a sharecropper. As soon as he had enough money, he would move to Memphis, Tennessee to become a pastor of two churches. After a couple of years he attended LeMoyne College, and he studied Education and English Literature.With his education he was able to bring a more liberal view to his preaching’s. Then he moved t he family to Buffalo, New York. When he had the resources, he moved the family again to Detroit, Michigan were he settled and became a pastor of a churched called New Bethel Baptist Church. He quickly became one of the most famous pastors in the city of Detroit. Aretha was two years old when they made their final move, she would grow up here and grab the emotion of Church and incorporate it into her music. Aretha Franklin’s mom, Barbara V. Skaggers, served as choir director and pianist.Aretha describes her mom as â€Å"a Superb singer, her voice was clear and distinctive†. (Franklin and Ritz, 6) Her parents taught her how to sing with great pride. This was a big issue because the late ‘50s, early ‘60s was a time of turmoil for African Americans. Her father especially tried to instill pride into her. He was a Civil Rights activist and he was a close colleague with Dr. Martin Luther King. With her parents keeping her involved in Church she was bound to become one of the world’s greatest singers. At around age 12, the father recognized Aretha’s talent as a singer.So he took her on the road with his traveling gospel show. This was important because it shows the kind of support Aretha received from her family. It was said, â€Å"She was a spellbinding performer at the age of fourteen. † (Franklin, 3) So her family really supported and inspired her to become a gospel singer. What also made her a great artist was that she had inspiring people all around her. Aretha grew up in Detroit which at the time was a rousing city or a city of hope for the African Americans running away from the brutality of the South.Though Detroit still had its problems such as race riots, many famous musicians grew up there. Also since New Bethel Baptist Church was so prominent, many musicians and political leaders used Reverend Franklin’s pulpit as a platform to sing or speak to the Black’s of Detroit. Aretha was introduced to cla ssical music by Smokey Robinson’s sister Sylvia Burston. She listened to well known local DJ’s like Ruth Brown and Senator Brystal Brown. When Aretha was younger, she would ride her bike to the local park, and on her way home she would stop by a night club where you could here B.B. King perform. She says, â€Å"You could hear the soft sound of his guitar all the way to the sidewalk (Franklin and Ritz, 22). National and local political leaders would give there speeches. Speakers such as Dr. Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. , Dr. Martin Luther King, and Reverend Jesse Jackson would speak powerfully to the church. Aretha was directly influenced by Miriam Anderson, Sammy Davis, and Roy Wilkins. Detroit was overflowing with talent and speakers which I believe also contributed to Aretha’s success.Pain was probably what really drove Aretha Franklin’s success. As stated before, Franklin’s family was highly religious and was continually involved in the Church. But that doesn’t mean that she hadn’t been through a tremendous amount of pain. Early in life her mother and father got a divorce. The father was better suitable to raise Aretha and her four Siblings. The mother moved to Buffalo, New York and tried to make regular visits to see her children. She was supported her children in the best way she could, but when Aretha needed her, she still was not reachable.Matters became worst a few years later when Aretha’s mom dies of a stroke. Aretha described her mom by saying â€Å"she was the absolute lady† (Smith, 3). At age 15 she had her first child and two years later another would come. But Aretha still wanted to go out and be with friends, so her grandmother usually babysat for her periodically. In a time when Black Activism, Feminism, and Sexual Liberation were high, she needed to provide for herself. So when Aretha was old enough and was ready to start performing, she hired a man named Ted White to be her manager. He later became her husband. In the future she would divorce him for a famous actor which would end in divorce, too. Even though in 1968 to 1969, Franklin’s career was rising rapidly. She was still described by her Producer Jerry Wexler as â€Å"a person whose depressions runs deeper than the sea† (Ritchie Unterberger, 3). Then one of Franklin’s highest admirers, gospel giant Mahalia Jackson died. Right after her death a extremely emotional gospel album was released my Aretha â€Å"Amazing Grace† This record was considered to be one of the most emotional records of its time.Much of the pain that Aretha suffered was not really publicized, but still it had to be one of the reasons for her to have such a powerful voice. Aretha Franklin was a successful artist and still inspires musicians today. Her voice is still described as incredible. She has all the awards that she needs to show her talent. Works cited Franklin, Aretha, and David Ritz. Aretha: From These Roots. New York: Villard, 1999. Print. Carroll, Jillian. Aretha Franklin. Chicago: Raintree, 2004. Print

Plato on the soul essays

Plato on the soul essays Plato on the Immortality of the Soul Like many people today Plato held the belief that the human being was both dualistic in nature, namely comprising of two separate entities; body and soul, and possessed a soul that would survive its embodied state. Plato saw the soul as immortal through being cyclical in nature and having this cycle comprising of three states; pre natal, embodiment, and post mortem. Plato formulates three arguments to back up his claim that the soul is immortal; the theory of opposites, the theory of recollection and the theory of destruction. Plato touches on the theory of a souls immortality in many texts but the one text that deals principally with this issue is Phaedo. Although Platos arguments are very cohesive and well constructed and in the day they were written must have seemed infallible, when we look back at them today there are a few flaws which leave Platos theories and arguments somewhat unsubstantiated. In order to better understand Platos argument as a whole this essay shall ap proach each theory and its problems separately before concluding them all as a whole. The theory of opposites is the first theory that Plato offers to his compatriots in Phaedo for a proof of immortality. This theory is based on the notion that the souls of the dead must continue in existence; for from what other source could those souls come which animate the living . This statement is backed up by a couple of examples; things become bigger from having been smaller, weaker from stronger, faster from slower, worse from better . Thus if these opposites are so prevalent in life why not life itself, as if from sleep to being awake then Plato supposes the same must apply to life from death. If we come from death to be alive then it must be true that our souls pre existed this life and are thus immortal and cyclical in nature, Failing this cyclic process e ...

Benefits of Reading Essay Example for Free (#3)

Benefits of Reading Essay Reading maketh a man. Today, we enjoy such a wide array of reading material ranging from books, magazines, newspapers, comics and the latest e-books. However, we still do not make it a habit to read. This fact can be consolidated by a recent survey that has singled out that a majority of citizens hardly read. What a shame! Obviously, we do not realize the importance of reading. In this era of modernization, in order to become a successful person or a top-notch student, we should enrich ourselves with adequate knowledge and perspective. Instead, citizens in developed countries like Russia, China, Japan, Korea and Australia are enriching themselves with knowledge and information. Thus, it is high time that we make it a point to read. First and foremost, reading is the perfect platform for us to improve our knowledge. It is undisputable that, nowadays, the bookstores are flooded with various kinds of reading materials dealing with different subjects. By reading numerous genres of books, we are able to broaden our minds. For example, we can always flip through magazines or books to acquire knowledge and information on particular fields. Magazines like National Geographic, Popular Science, Discovery, Chips , Time and Reader’s Digest provide a colossal of information about science and the latest technologies. Those who are interested in technology will stand a golden opportunity to have a deep understanding on technology and thus helping them to get a promising job in the future. Aside from this, reading helps us to keep abreast with the latest developments in the world. One can know about the news or headlines of the world by just skimming through newspapers or surfing the Internet. People who are informative and knowledgeable are not considered as â€Å"a frog under a coconut shell†. Hence, it is true that reading enable us to widen our knowledge besides of keeping us oblivious of the latest developments in the world. In other words, â€Å"reading is the window of the world†. Furthermore, reading stands us a good stead in improving our command of languages. It has become an irrefutable fact that most of the people around the globe are not highly proficient in English which is an international language. This is because they tend to stick to their mother tongue. Sadly, they do not realize the importance of English. In order to master the language, we should cultivate the habit of reading. By reading we are introduced to a thousand and one words that are seldom applied in speaking but may come in handy when comes to writing. Persons who hardly read will not be able to do well in his essay writing as he fails to acquire the essential writing skills. On top of that, he also fails to learn some useful words that are a necessity in writing a good essay. Thus, it can be said that reading increases one’s vocabulary as well as polishing up one’s writing skills. In addition, by reading we are able to be fluent in foreign languages like Japanese, Spanis h, Italian, Mandarin, French and Arabic, just to name a few. Therefore, we will have the ability to converse with the citizens of other countries. Nevertheless, reading provides relaxation and entertainment. It is an ubiquitous phenomenon that thousands of people in the world are deriving entertainment from reading. This is because reading is the best form of entertainment and relaxation after enduring their mind-boggling work. Reading helps them to vanquish their daily stress and soothe their pressured minds. Needless to say, we do not have to burn a hole in our pockets when we are craving for entertainment. Unlike DVDs or television programs, books are the cheapest source of entertainment which only cost us up to a few dollars, perhaps the most exorbitant books will only cost up to the maximum of 50 dollars which is within the budget of a layman. On the other hand, we should not overlook the advantage of reading which is associated with unleashing our creative powers. By reading thrilling story books like The Lost Symbol, Angels and Demons, Da Vinci Code, Digital Fortress which are written by a prominent author, Dan Brown will definitely keep us thinking about the plots. When we are thinking about the plots, question marks will be popped up in the frame of our minds. Subsequently, we will have to imagine the consequences or the next scenes of the story. All these require creativity, unlike watching movies or videos, where there is little left to the imagination. This is because the scenes are already portrayed using images or pictures. It is a huge fallacy to say that watching movies is far better than reading books to unleash one’s creativity. In a nutshell, it would cost us a fortune if we do not make an effort to read. If we take a close look at people who often read, they are generally creative, it is vital that every citizen in the world picks up the habit of reading. The government should play a pivotal role in promoting the habit of reading. Several awareness campaigns should be held in arm to raise the awareness of the nations on the importance of reading besides boosting the interest of the public in reading. Most importantly, parents should encourage their children to read when they are still young. Benefits of Reading. (2017, Jan 20).

Team Discussion and strategic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team Discussion and strategic paper - Essay Example He must be clear in his mind about the strategies for the smooth functioning of the business. He should have a thorough research about the success and possible challenges to his business idea before setting it up. â€Å"A balanced scorecard analysis (Developed by Dr. Robert Kaplan and Dr. David Norton) will help the entrepreneur in defining the vision and strategies of his business and translate them into action. The entrepreneur must ensure that his strategies are well known to his employees to ensure the success of his business. The proposed business must be analyzed under different perspectives like Learning and growth, business process, customer and financial perspectives. Within each perspective, identify what needs to be done in order to achieve the overall mission like, What must we do (from each perspective) to achieve the overall mission? What is â€Å"This perspective focuses on how an organisation is improving its ability to innovate, improve and learn in order to support success with the critical operations and processes defined in the Internal Process Perspective. This may include employee training and corporate culture attitudes.† (Balanced scorecard) Innovation always creates leaders in the market. Consumers are always going after new trends and hence the success of a business depends on the innovative strategies of the entrepreneur. For a baby clothing store, the entrepreneur must analyze the current trends and he must be capable of designing new varieties of clothes for kids depend on the consumer interests. Following what others are doing may not help him to compete in the market. The employees must be well versed in the current scientific management theories which will help them in dealing with customers, marketing, accounting, purchasing estimations, etc. For that purpose the entrepreneur must provide adequate training to the employees to make them aware of the current trends in business, corporate strategies and